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 Bulgaria
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 Bulgaria in figures:
Territory: - 110 000 km2.
Population: - more than 8 million people.
Capital: - Sofia - more than 1 million inhabitants.
Bulgaria's Black Sea coastline - her 378 kilometer long eastern frontier - is varied and exciting. Fine beaches abound: the beaches of Varna, St. Constantine and Helen and Golden sands are covered with fine crystal-clear sand; Nessebar and Sunny Beach have sand that is golden in colour; because of the presence of magnetite (magnetic iron oxide), the beach of Bourgas appears to be covered with black coloured sand. The beaches of Albena, Kamchiya and those south of Bourgas are equally impressive. Beaches slope down gradually into the sea and a swimmer must strike out at least 100 meters from the shore to reach really deep water. Because of this and because there are no tidal movements of any force, the Black Sea is ideally suitable for the swimmer. In the vacation months of July and August there is sunshine enough to bask for ten or eleven hours. There is nothing of the permanent cold Baltic winds or the scorching heat of the Riviera. At daytime the breeze blows from the sea to the shore and at night the direction is reversed. A glance at the map of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast will confirm how much have already been achieved to secure Bulgaria's place as a world-famous tourist centre, and how much is still being planned and constructed, the result of which will be an enormous benefit to the national economy, and the continuing delight of the ever-increasing numbers of summer visitors. The Black Sea enjoys a mild, pleasant, moderate climate. Rainfall is low, heavy falls of snow and fogs extremely rare. Having a temperate climate, the Black Sea does not suffer extremes of temperature. The mean air temperature in summer is 28�-30� above zero Centigrade, sea temperature is 24�-26� above zero Centigrade. Black Sea is a "fresh-water" sea, the density is slightly more than that of fresh water. The translucence is 10 to 15 meters, up to 30 meters in high sea, and 4 to 7 meters in the Varna sea port. The salinity of Black Sea water is 18 per thousand as against 36 of the ocean, 39 of the Mediterranean Sea and 41.5 of the Red Sea. The Black Sea is a "colour" sea. It is green-bluish away from the shore; greenish along the coast;and the alluvia impart to it yellow colour at the mouth of the Dnieper and the Danube.
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